Critical Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Literature Review - Essay Example Therefore, they should be sheltered and protected under all circumstances. Moreover, the best way to protect them is to keep them away from the social life, locked inside the walls of the house for the rest of her lifetime (Brà ¼ckner, pp. 44-46, 2004). There are so many examples all over the world and throughout the history that indicate the gender disparity, gender inequality, sexism, or stratification of genders. Despite the fact that over the past decades, the situation has improved a bit but still there is a long way to travel. It is very difficult to talk about a world where there would be equal opportunities in relation to gender (Pasero, pp. 219-228, 2003). In fact, this is virtually impossible to implement all around the globe. There are several reasons for this strong but bitter assumption. We live in a world where, consciously or unconsciously, we have created some strong and irrevocable social perception and outlook of gender. In fact, gender is not just a symbol of any one’s reproductive role but it has become a symbol and determinant of one’s behavior, attitudes, and role expectations (Tomm, Hamilton, Mackie & Calgary Institute for the Humanities, pp. 159-167, 1998). For example, a female school teacher, if announces that she would be late for a class or would not be able to make an appearance the next day; this statement from her would not get so much of attention if the same statement is put forward by a male teacher. Actually, after hearing the same from the father we would start thinking about different things and would make various assumptions in out minds. That he would be a single father, or may be he is too nice or may be his wife is too busy with other stuff. This happens because as individuals grow up in human societies they quickly learn ab out their roles and expected behaviors (Chaneles, pp. 85-92, 1984). For example, both men

Conflict in a case study about conflict intervention in somalia Essay

Conflict in a case study about conflict intervention in somalia from1992 to 2010 - Essay Example Addressing these issues would also mean the promotion of broad objectives like the U.S. foreign policy to ensure regional stability in the whole of Africa in terms of trade and investments, supporting human rights and democracy and removing situation and circumstances which provides protected havens for the international terrorists and drug traffickers. The anarchy that followed the collapse of Somalia as a nation state in 1991 fathered large-scale migration of populations; the nation was facing economic chaos and the incidences of mass violence. The persistence of these problems triggered political dangers as groups emerged whose main aim was to initiate war and empower leaders. (Ohaegbulam, 2004, p. 65) Root cause of the conflict During the late 1980s the coalition of the three clans- the Marreexaan, Ogaadeen and the Dhulbahante – popularly known as the â€Å"MOD† under the leadership of President Maxamad Siyaad Barre was a declaration of war against the Isxaaqs of th e previous British colony in the Northwest which was organized into the Somali National Movement- the SNM. He also organized the Majeerteens in the northeast as the Somali Salvation Democratic front, the SSDF and the Hawiyas to Mogadishu’s direct west and south, which was organized as the United Somali Congress, known as the USC. ... The SNM were angry about the fact that their army could not make it to Mogadishu- the major land holdings of the Isxaaqs before the armies of the USC. The SNM were reluctant of returning home in the north but they had to, so while returning they created a rump state. In the meantime the USC’s military leader Maxamad Faarax Aideed from the Habar Gidir subclan challenged Mahdi’s right to the presidency. Hence these all resulted in the inter-clan war in 1991 to gain a control over Somalia. Beside this an inter clan war also took place to have a control over Mogadishu. The absence of the central government placed the country at a disadvantage, as there was nobody to negotiate on the behalf of the state and both the Somali population and the international relief workers were vulnerable to attack. (Lahneman, 2004, p. 31; Webersik, 2004, p. 518; Somalia Civil War, n.d; The civil war in Somalia, n. d) The Social Economic and Political crisis After the collapse of the Somali sta te in January 1991 the country faced disorganization in their education and learning system, which was an impact of the division of the clan in the country. In the process of the social breakdown the schools, technical education centers and the university faced the worst consequences. The infrastructures of the institutes were destroyed. The major victims of the civil war were the children, as nearly 3000 of them were dying every day in the early days of 1992. (Abdi, 1998, pp. 327-328) The situation at that time had worsened in the South especially in Mogadishu where the instances of well armed youths along with their armed Land Rovers roamed around the city and the roadways plundering and looting masses, extorting